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H+ acid ions

Lysosomes pouring out enzymes

OSTEOCLAST

osteoporosis

Osteoclasts digest bone by secreting acid H+ ions and pouring out lysosomal enzymes 

OSTEOBLAST

The osteoblast has at least 3 roles : 1/ building bone,

by secreting a protein :

RANK ligand binds to the RANK membrane receptor of osteoclasts

RANK : receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B

NFKB : nuclear factor kappa B

IKB : inhibitor of NFKB

Denosumab is a fully human IgG2 anti RANK ligand monoclonal antibody

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RANK Ligand (RankL)

2/ activating osteoclasts

3/ secreting osteoprotegerin,

OPG,  a soluble receptor,

that binds RankL and inhibits bone resorption as a

decoy

nuclei

osteoclast activators

RANK

RANK LIGAND

Sclerostin

Wnt pathway

The Wnt pathway & Sclerostin are 2 other key osteoblast modulators

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CANCER

NFkappaB when in the nucleus, enhances translation of oncogenic genes

click here to understand the anti-cancer activity of denosumab